Monday, October 30, 2023

When to Disrespect “Authority”? Reconciling Jesus* and Paul**?

- Pillars of Freedom -
Sustaining ONLY that
which deserves sustaining
First, let me be clear: I believe that law,1 governments, and authorities2 are necessary because of the predilections of the “natural man.” Scripture states:
the natural man is an enemy to God [and thus to fellow men], and has been from the fall of Adam, and will be, forever and ever, unless he yields to the enticings of the Holy Spirit, and putteth off the natural man ... .3
In proof of that judgment, the natural man has demonstrated over millennia that he cannot be trusted with unrestrained power or authority.4 Even with checks and balances, the déjà vus of corruption,  oppression, and violence have been the way of the world as tyrants (from within family structures all the way to global empires) have risen and then fallen to other tyrants — age upon age. The Scriptures are, in essence, one long lament5 about abuses of power and authority by “natural men” (both high and low) counterbalanced with God's invitation for them to repent, accept and live truth, serve Him and their fellow man, and fill the measure of their creation, all without coercion. 

But what characterizes the natural man? In large measure, the natural man is susceptible to:
• self-delusion / self-deception,
• self-aggrandizement,
• obsessions for power-gain-glory-domination,
• acting without conscience,
• pride,
• addiction,
• gullibility,
• misplaced trust,
• lying,
• stiffneckedness,
• and so forth.
Many seek to be a law unto themselves and thus become enemies to God, their fellow beings, and all creation.

So what are we to do when “natural men” gain positions of authority which they often relentlessly pursue, obtain, corrupt, and abuse? What then are we to make of Paul’s instruction in New Testament Romans?
1 LET every soul be subject unto the higher powers. For there is no power but of God: the powers that be are ordained of God.
2 Whosoever therefore resisteth the power, resisteth the ordinance of God: and they that resist shall receive to themselves damnation.
3 For rulers are not a terror to good works, but to the evil. Wilt thou then not be afraid of the power? do that which is good, and thou shalt have praise of the same:
4 For he is the minister of God to thee for good. But if thou do that which is evil, be afraid; for he beareth not the sword in vain: for he is the minister of God, a revenger to execute wrath upon him that doeth evil.
5 Wherefore ye must needs be subject, not only for wrath, but also for conscience sake.
6 For for this cause pay ye tribute also: for they are God's ministers, attending continually upon this very thing.
7 Render therefore to all their dues: tribute to whom tribute is due; custom to whom custom; fear to whom fear; honour to whom honour.
8 Owe no man any thing, but to love one another: for he that loveth another hath fulfilled the law (New Testament | Romans 13:1–8).
Here is one man’s answer worthy of our consideration:
For what purpose has [God] given [dominion of the earth] to the children of men? That they may govern it, even as stated in Gen. 1: 26, 27. This is shown in Rom. 13: 1-4, where it is stated that the powers that be are ordained of God, and that rulers are appointed to bear the sword of justice. The expression, “the powers that be are ordained of God,” refers to authority in general, rather than to particular Governments. And this should be sufficient to show that, although God rules the entire universe, he is not the head of any earthly Government. If he were, then there would be but one correct form of Government, and the officers of that Government would be appointed directly by Him, as in the case of the ancient Jewish Government. But no one can claim that of the various nations of earth, one is ordained of God, to the exclusion of the others.

Take for instance, Russia, Germany, England, and the United States. Here we have four Governments, all differing in their structure. Which of them is ordained of God? All of them. They are all for the purpose of preserving order, and of guarding the rights of each individual against the encroachments of others. This is all that earthly Governments are ordained to do. The whole of the law against the violation of which they can execute wrath is, “Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself,” and this they can enforce only so far as concerns outward acts. They cannot compel a man to love his neighbor in his heart, but they can see that he does his neighbor no personal wrong, and when they do this, they are carrying out that for which they were appointed. And in thus executing justice between man and man the ruler is ordained of God, whether he is born to the throne, or whether he is elected by the people, or appointed by a few. The Czar of Russia, the Emperor of Germany, the Queen of England, and the President of the United States, are all equally ordained of God as ministers of justice; not because God is personally at the head of any one of these Governments, but because he has ordained that men shall be under authority, and the individuals above referred to are in authority in their respective Governments. In the discharge of their duty, they are each personally responsible to God, just the same as the humblest peasant.

But, although man was given dominion over the earth and all that it contains, all things are not now under him. Adam was overcome by the tempter, and so forfeited his dominion. He has not now perfect dominion over the earth, because it does not yield to him the increase that it formerly did; and the beasts of the field, the fowl of the air, and the fish of the sea are not passively subject to his control. What man forfeited, he has no power to regain. And so, since we do not now see all things put under him, Paul says that “we see Jesus, who was made a little lower than the angels for the suffering of death, crowned with glory and honor; that he by the grace of God should taste death for every man.” Heb. 2: 9. Not only did Christ taste death in order to restore to man his forfeited life, but he also bore the curse of the earth (compare Gen. 3: 17, 18 and Matt. 27: 29), that he might redeem it, and restore to man the possession that he lost. [52] Since Christ alone could redeem the lost dominion, and has paid the price, it is to him that it is to come. Says the prophet, “And thou, O tower of the flock, the strong hold of the daughter of Zion, unto thee shall it come, even the first dominion; the kingdom shall come to the daughter of Jerusalem.” Micah 4: 8. And so Paul directs the minds of the disciples forward to the time of “the redemption of the purchased possession.” Eph. 1: 14. And when that time shall come, and the kingdom shall be given to Him “whose right it is,” those who have suffered with Christ shall also reign with him. 2 Tim. 2: 12; Rom. 8: 17.6
The prophet Joseph Smith recorded it this way:
12 We believe in being subject to kings, presidents, rulers, and magistrates, in obeying, honoring, and sustaining the law (Pearl of Great Price | Articles of Faith 1:12).

1 WE believe that governments were instituted of God for the benefit of man; and that he holds men accountable for their acts in relation to them, both in making laws and administering them, for the good and safety of society.
2 We believe that no government can exist in peace, except such laws are framed and held inviolate as will secure to each individual the free exercise of conscience, the right and control of property, and the protection of life.
3 We believe that all governments necessarily require civil officers and magistrates to enforce the laws of the same; and that such as will administer the law in equity and justice should be sought for and upheld by the voice of the people if a republic, or the will of the sovereign.
4 We believe ... that the civil magistrate should restrain crime, but never control conscience; should punish guilt, but never suppress the freedom of the soul.
5 We believe that all men are bound to sustain and uphold the respective governments in which they reside, while protected in their inherent and inalienable rights by the laws of such governments; and that sedition and rebellion are unbecoming every citizen thus protected, and should be punished accordingly; and that all governments have a right to enact such laws as in their own judgments are best calculated to secure the public interest; at the same time, however, holding sacred the freedom of conscience.
6 We believe that every man should be honored in his station, rulers and magistrates as such, being placed for the protection of the innocent and the punishment of the guilty; and that to the laws all men show respect and deference, as without them peace and harmony would be supplanted by anarchy and terror; human laws being instituted for the express purpose of regulating our interests as individuals and nations, between man and man; and divine laws given of heaven, prescribing rules on spiritual concerns, for faith and worship, both to be answered by man to his Maker.
7 We believe that rulers, states, and governments have a right, and are bound to enact laws for the protection of all citizens in the free exercise of their religious belief; but we do not believe that they have a right in justice to deprive citizens of this privilege, or proscribe them in their opinions, so long as a regard and reverence are shown to the laws and such religious opinions do not justify sedition nor conspiracy.
8 We believe that the commission of crime should be punished according to the nature of the offense; that murder, treason, robbery, theft, and the breach of the general peace, in all respects, should be punished according to their criminality and their tendency to evil among men, by the laws of that government in which the offense is committed; and for the public peace and tranquility all men should step forward and use their ability in bringing offenders against good laws to punishment.
9 We do not believe it just to mingle religious influence with civil government, whereby one religious society is fostered and another proscribed in its spiritual privileges, and the individual rights of its members, as citizens, denied. ...
11 We believe that men should appeal to the civil law for redress of all wrongs and grievances, where personal abuse is inflicted or the right of property or character infringed, where such laws exist as will protect the same; but we believe that all men are justified in defending themselves, their friends, and property, and the government, from the unlawful assaults and encroachments of all persons in times of exigency, where immediate appeal cannot be made to the laws, and relief afforded. ...(Doctrine and Covenants | Section 134:1-9, 11; full section here7).
The bold emphasis above highlights the conditions for respect for authority. When those conditions were violated or exceeded, neither Jesus nor His servants pretended to respect the offending “authority”; on the contrary, they denounced the corruption and abuse, often in the very face of the abuser.8

The Prophet Joseph also recorded God’s directive concerning government:
4 And now, verily I say unto you concerning the laws of the land, it is my will that my people should observe to do all things whatsoever I command them.
5 And that law of the land which is constitutional, supporting that principle of freedom in maintaining rights and privileges, belongs to all mankind, and is justifiable before me.
6 Therefore, I, the Lord, justify you, and your brethren of my church, in befriending that law which is the constitutional law of the land;
7 And as pertaining to law of man, whatsoever is more or less than this, cometh of evil.
8 I, the Lord God, make you free, therefore ye are free indeed; and the law also maketh you free.
9 Nevertheless, when the wicked rule the people mourn (Doctrine and Covenants | Section 98:4–9, bold emphasis added).
So, when the wicked rule by corrupting or denying Constitutional and just law or limitation, are we to mourn in silence and inaction? Does not authority cease to exist when “authorities” breach or exceed their contract or calling of service to the people? And where is the alleged authority when natural men claim it in elitist self-delusion and self-appointment? Must we not relentlessly remind “authorities” that all governments:
“are all for the purpose of preserving order [without violating rights of conscience9], and of guarding the rights of each individual against the encroachments of others. This is all that earthly Governments are ordained to do”10?
Added October 31 from Cato’s Letter 15 (February 4, 1720):
“That Men ought to speak well of their Governours is true, while their Governours, deserve to be well spoken of, but to do publick Mischief, without hearing of it, is only the Prerogative and Felicity of Tyranny: A free People will be shewing that they are so, by their Freedom of Speech.”11
Added November 3, 2023:
When Should You Defy the Government? | Jonathan Cahn Sermon (YT: Nov 1, 2023)12
---------------------------------/
* Jesus response to corrupted power / authority: https://dejavu-timestwo.blogspot.com/2023/10/respecting-obeying-authority-what-did.html
** Paul: New Testament | Romans 13:1–8 discussed in the body of this post.

1. Doctrine and Covenants | Section 88:34-39
   34 And again, verily I say unto you, that which is governed by law is also preserved by law and perfected and sanctified by the same.
   35 That which breaketh a law, and abideth not by law, but seeketh to become a law unto itself, and willeth to abide in sin, and altogether abideth in sin, cannot be sanctified by law, neither by mercy, justice, nor judgment. Therefore, they must remain filthy still.
   36 All kingdoms have a law given;
   37 And there are many kingdoms; for there is no space in the which there is no kingdom; and there is no kingdom in which there is no space, either a greater or a lesser kingdom.
   38 And unto every kingdom is given a law; and unto every law there are certain bounds also and conditions.
   39 All beings who abide not in those conditions are not justified.
Doctrine and Covenants | Section 88:21–25 (Bold emphasis added.)
   21 And they who are not sanctified through the law which I have given unto you, even the law of Christ, must inherit another kingdom, even that of a terrestrial kingdom, or that of a telestial kingdom.
   22 For he who is not able to abide the law of a celestial kingdom cannot abide a celestial glory.
   23 And he who cannot abide the law of a terrestrial kingdom cannot abide a terrestrial glory.
   24 And he who cannot abide the law of a telestial kingdom cannot abide a telestial glory; therefore he is not meet for a kingdom of glory. Therefore he must abide a kingdom which is not a kingdom of glory.
   25 And again, verily I say unto you, the earth abideth the law of a celestial kingdom, for it filleth the measure of its creation, and transgresseth not the law—
2. Pearl of Great Price | Articles of Faith 1:12
   12 We believe in being subject to kings, presidents, rulers, and magistrates, in obeying, honoring, and sustaining the law.
Doctrine and Covenants | Section 88:34-39
   34 And again, verily I say unto you, that which is governed by law is also preserved by law and perfected and sanctified by the same.
   35 That which breaketh a law, and abideth not by law, but seeketh to become a law unto itself, and willeth to abide in sin, and altogether abideth in sin, cannot be sanctified by law, neither by mercy, justice, nor judgment. Therefore, they must remain filthy still.
   36 All kingdoms have a law given;
   37 And there are many kingdoms; for there is no space in the which there is no kingdom; and there is no kingdom in which there is no space, either a greater or a lesser kingdom.
   38 And unto every kingdom is given a law; and unto every law there are certain bounds also and conditions.
   39 All beings who abide not in those conditions are not justified.
3. Book of Mormon | Mosiah 3:19 
   19 For the natural man is an enemy to God, and has been from the fall of Adam, and will be, forever and ever, unless he yields to the enticings of the Holy Spirit, and putteth off the natural man and becometh a saint through the atonement of Christ the Lord, and becometh as a child, submissive, meek, humble, patient, full of love, willing to submit to all things which the Lord seeth fit to inflict upon him, even as a child doth submit to his father .
See also: https://dejavu-timestwo.blogspot.com/2010/05/natural-man.html
4. Doctrine and Covenants | Section 121:39-40 (bold emphasis added)
   39 We have learned by sad experience that it is the nature and disposition of almost all men, as soon as they get a little authority, as they suppose, they will immediately begin to exercise unrighteous dominion.
   40 Hence many are called, but few are chosen.
See also:
https://dejavu-timestwo.blogspot.com/2016/02/2-flags.html
https://dejavu-times.blogspot.com/2020/08/anarchy-four-fatal-flaws.html
https://dejavu-timestwo.blogspot.com/2020/06/gazlighting-by-anarchists.html
https://dejavu-timestwo.blogspot.com/2018/03/a-few-questions-for-anarchists-and.html
5. https://dejavu-timestwo.blogspot.com/2014/01/gods-lament.html
6. Jones, Alonzo T. . The American Sentinel: Volume 1 (pp. 251-253). Adventist Pioneer Library. Kindle Edition (bold emphasis added).
7. Doctrine and Covenants | Section 134:1-12 (bold emphasis added above)
   1 WE believe that governments were instituted of God for the benefit of man; and that he holds men accountable for their acts in relation to them, both in making laws and administering them, for the good and safety of society.
   2 We believe that no government can exist in peace, except such laws are framed and held inviolate as will secure to each individual the free exercise of conscience, the right and control of property, and the protection of life.
   3 We believe that all governments necessarily require civil officers and magistrates to enforce the laws of the same; and that such as will administer the law in equity and justice should be sought for and upheld by the voice of the people if a republic, or the will of the sovereign.
   4 We believe that religion is instituted of God; and that men are amenable to him, and to him only, for the exercise of it, unless their religious opinions prompt them to infringe upon the rights and liberties of others; but we do not believe that human law has a right to interfere in prescribing rules of worship to bind the consciences of men, nor dictate forms for public or private devotion; that the civil magistrate should restrain crime, but never control conscience; should punish guilt, but never suppress the freedom of the soul.
   5 We believe that all men are bound to sustain and uphold the respective governments in which they reside, while protected in their inherent and inalienable rights by the laws of such governments; and that sedition and rebellion are unbecoming every citizen thus protected, and should be punished accordingly; and that all governments have a right to enact such laws as in their own judgments are best calculated to secure the public interest; at the same time, however, holding sacred the freedom of conscience.
   6 We believe that every man should be honored in his station, rulers and magistrates as such, being placed for the protection of the innocent and the punishment of the guilty; and that to the laws all men show respect and deference, as without them peace and harmony would be supplanted by anarchy and terror; human laws being instituted for the express purpose of regulating our interests as individuals and nations, between man and man; and divine laws given of heaven, prescribing rules on spiritual concerns, for faith and worship, both to be answered by man to his Maker.
   7 We believe that rulers, states, and governments have a right, and are bound to enact laws for the protection of all citizens in the free exercise of their religious belief; but we do not believe that they have a right in justice to deprive citizens of this privilege, or proscribe them in their opinions, so long as a regard and reverence are shown to the laws and such religious opinions do not justify sedition nor conspiracy.
   8 We believe that the commission of crime should be punished according to the nature of the offense; that murder, treason, robbery, theft, and the breach of the general peace, in all respects, should be punished according to their criminality and their tendency to evil among men, by the laws of that government in which the offense is committed; and for the public peace and tranquility all men should step forward and use their ability in bringing offenders against good laws to punishment.
   9 We do not believe it just to mingle religious influence with civil government, whereby one religious society is fostered and another proscribed in its spiritual privileges, and the individual rights of its members, as citizens, denied.
   10 We believe that all religious societies have a right to deal with their members for disorderly conduct, according to the rules and regulations of such societies; provided that such dealings be for fellowship and good standing; but we do not believe that any religious society has authority to try men on the right of property or life, to take from them this world's goods, or to put them in jeopardy of either life or limb, or to inflict any physical punishment upon them. They can only excommunicate them from their society, and withdraw from them their fellowship.
   11 We believe that men should appeal to the civil law for redress of all wrongs and grievances, where personal abuse is inflicted or the right of property or character infringed, where such laws exist as will protect the same; but we believe that all men are justified in defending themselves, their friends, and property, and the government, from the unlawful assaults and encroachments of all persons in times of exigency, where immediate appeal cannot be made to the laws, and relief afforded.
   12 We believe it just to preach the gospel to the nations of the earth, and warn the righteous to save themselves from the corruption of the world; but we do not believe it right to interfere with bond–servants, neither preach the gospel to, nor baptize them contrary to the will and wish of their masters, nor to meddle with or influence them in the least to cause them to be dissatisfied with their situations in this life, thereby jeopardizing the lives of men; such interference we believe to be unlawful and unjust, and dangerous to the peace of every government allowing human beings to be held in servitude.
8. https://dejavu-timestwo.blogspot.com/2023/10/respecting-obeying-authority-what-did.html
https://dejavu-timestwo.blogspot.com/2023/10/respecting-obeying-authority-what-of.html
9. (as long as such conscience is not used to justify sedition or conspiracy against lawful authority)
10. Jones, Alonzo T. The American Sentinel: Volume 1 (pp. 251-253). Adventist Pioneer Library. Kindle Edition (bold emphasis added).
11. Cato's Letters, John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon (Letter Number 15 Of Freedom of Speech, That the Same is inseparable from Publick Liberty, February 4, 1720). Source: https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Freedom_of_speech
12. Added Nov 3, 2023:
When Should You Defy the Government? | Jonathan Cahn Sermon
(Jonathan Cahn Official | Nov. 1, 2023 | Time 9:18 min) at
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2c4rAz9y2Mo